1. Secondary xylem and phloem in dicot stem are produced by___________. [2018]
(a) apical meristems (b) vascular cambium (c) axillary meristems (d) phellogen
2. Casparian strips occur in: [2018]
(a) Epidermis (b) Pericycle (c) Endodermis (d) Cortex
3. Plants having little or no secondary growth are__________. [2018]
(a) grasses (b) deciduous angiosperms (c) cycads (d) conifers
4. Stomata in grass leaf are __________. [2018]
(a) dumb-bell shaped (b) kidney shaped (c) barrel shaped (d) rectangular
5. Identify the wrong statement in context of heartwood. [2017]
(a) It is highly durable.
(b) It conducts water and minerals efficiently.
(c) It comprises dead elements with highly lignified walls.
(d) Organic compounds are deposited in it.
6. The vascular cambium normally gives rise to _________. [2017]
(a) primary phloem (b) secondary xylem
(c) periderm (d) phelloderm
7. Which of the following facilitates opening of stomatal aperture? [2017]
(a) Decrease in turgidity of guard cells.
(b) Radial orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of guard cells.
(c) Longitudinal orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of guard cells.
(d) Contraction of outer wall of guard cells.
8. Which of the following is made up of dead cells? [2017]
(a) Collenchyma (b) Phellem (c) Phloem (d) Xylem parenchyma
9. Root hairs develop from the region of ______. [2017]
(a) elongation (b) root cap (c) meristematic activity (d) maturation
10. Specialised epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells are called _______. [2016]
(a) complementary cells (b) subsidiary cells
(c) bulliform cells (d) lenticels
11. Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered closed because [2015]
(a) cambium is absent. (b) there are no vessels with perforations.
(c) xylem is surrounded all around by phloem.
(d) a bundle sheath surrounds each bundle.
12. A major characteristic of the monocot root is the presence of [2015]
(a) scattered vascular bundles.
(b) vasculature without cambium.
(c) cambium sandwiched between phloem and xylem along the radius.
(d) open vascular bundles.
13. Read the different components from (A) to (D) in the list given below and identify the correct order of the components with reference to their arrangement from outer side to inner side in a woody dicot stem[2015]
(A) Secondary cortex (B) Wood (C) Secondary phloem (D) Phellem
(a) A, B, D, C (b) D, A, C, B (c) D, C, A, B (d) C, D, B, A
14. In a ring girdled plant [2015]
(a) the root dies first. (b) the shoot and root die together.
(c) neither root nor shoot will die. (d) the shoot dies first.
15. Transmission tissue is characteristic feature of _________. [2015]
(a) solid style (b) dry stigma (c) wet stigma (d) hollow style
16. You are given a fairly old piece of dicot stem and a dicot root. Which of the following anatomical structures will you use to distinguish between the two? [2014]
(a) Secondary xylem (b) Secondary phloem (c) Protoxylem (d) Cortical cells
17. Tracheids differ from other tracheary elements in [2014]
(a) having casparian strips. (b) being imperforate.
(c) lacking nucleus. (d) being lignified.
18. Grass leaves curl inwards during very dry weather. Select the most appropriate reason from the following: (NEET-2019)
(1) Closure of stomata (2) Flaccidity of bulliform cells
(3) Shrinkage of air spaces in spongy mesophyll (4) Tyloses in vessels
19. Which of the statements given below is not trueabout formation of Annual Rings in trees? (NEET-2019)
(1) Annual ring is a combination of spring wood and autumn wood produced in a year.
(2) Differential activity of cambium causes light and dark bands of tissue – early and late wood respectively
(3) Activity of cambium depends upon variation in climate.
(4) Annual rings are not prominent in trees of temperate region.
20. In the dicot root the vascular cambium originates from :- (NEET-2019 ODISSA)
(1) Tissue located below the phloem bundles and a portion of pericycle tissue above protoxylem.
(2) Cortical region.
(3) Parenchyma between endodermis and pericycle.
(4) Intrafascicular and interfascicular tissue in a ring.
21. Regeneration of damaged growing grass following grazing is largely due to :- (NEET-2019 ODISSA)
(1) Lateral meristem (2) Apical meristem (3) Intercalary meristem (4) Secondary meristem
22. Large, empty colourless cells of the adaxial epidermis along the veins of grass leaves are
(NEET-2020 COVID)
(1) Lenticels (2) Guard cells (3) Bundle sheath cells (4) Bulliform cells
23. Which of the following statements about cork cambium is incorrect? (NEET-2020 COVID)
(1) It forms secondary cortex on its outerside (2) It forms a part of periderm
(3) It is responsible for the formation of lenticels (4) It is a couple of layers thick
24. The transverse section of a plant shows following anatomical features. (NEET-2020)
a) large number of scattered vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath.
b) Large conspicuous parenchynchymatous ground tissue,
c) Vascular bundles conjoint and closed
d) Phloem parenchyma absent.
Identify the category of plant and its part.
1) Dicotyledonous root 2) Monocotyledonous stem
3) Monocotyledonous root 4) Dicotyledonous stem
25. Identify the incorrect statement (NEET-2020)
1) Due to deposition of tannins resins, oils etc., heart wood is dark in colour
2) Hart wood does not conduct water but gives mechanical support
3) Sapwood is involved in conduction of water and minerals from root leaf.
4) Sapwood is the innermost secondary xylem and is lighter in colour.
26. Match List-I with List – II [NEET-2021]
| List-I | List-II | ||
| (a) | Lenticels | (i) | Phellogen |
| (b) | Cork cambium | (ii) | Suberin deposition |
| (c) | Secondary cortex | (ii) | Exchange of gases |
| (d) | Cork | (iv) | Phelloderm |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(2) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(3) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(4) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
27. Match list- 1 with list-II [NEET-2021]
List-I List-II
a) Cells with active cell division capacity i) Vascular tissues
b) Tissue having all cells similar in ii) Meristematic tissue
structure and function
c) Tissue having different types of cells iii) Sclereids
d) Dead cells with highly thickened walls iv) Simple tissue
and narrow lumen
Select the correct answer from the options given below
1) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i 2) a-i, b-ii, c-iii,d-iv 3) a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i 4) a-ii, b-iv, c-I, d-iii
28. Select the correct pair [NEET-2021]
| 1) | In dicto leaves, vascular bundles are surrounded by large thick-walled cells | Conjunctive tissue |
| 2) | Cells of medullary rays that form part of cambial ring | Interfascicular cambium |
| 3) | Loose parenchyma cells rupturing the epidermis and forming a lens – shaped opening in bark | Spongy parenchyma |
| 4) | Large colorless empty cells in the epidermis of grass leaves | Subsidiary cells |
29. In old trees the greater part of secondary xylem is dark brown and resistant to insect attack due to: [NEET-2022]
(a) secretion of secondary metabolites and their deposition in the lumen of vessels
(b) deposition of organic compounds like tannins and resins the central layers of stem
(c) deposition of suberin and aromatic substances in the outer layer of stem
(d) deposition of tannins, gum, resin and aromatic substances in the peripheral layers of stem
(e) presence of parenchyma cells, functionally active xylem elements and essential oils
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1) (a) and (b) only 2) (c) and (d) only
3) (d) and (e) only 4) (b) and (d) only
30. Read the following statements about the vascular bundles: [NEET-2022]
a) In roots, xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate
manner along the different radii
b) Conjoint closed vascular bundles do not possess cambium
c) In open vascular bundles, cambium is present in between xylem and phloem
d) The vascular bundles of dicotyledonous stem possess endarch protoxylem
e) In monocotyledonous root, usually there are more than six xylem bundles present
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1) a, b and d only 2) b, c, d, and e only
3) a, b, c and d only 4) a, b, c, d and e only
31. The anatomy of springwood shows some peculiar features. Identify the
correct set of statements about springwood. [NEET-2022]
a) It is also called as the earlywood
b) In spring season cambium produces xylem elements with narrow vessels
c) It is lighter in colour
d) The springwood along with autumn wood shows alternate concentric rings forming annual rings
e) It has lower density
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1) a, b, d and e only 2) a, c, d and e only
3) a, b and d only 4) c, d and e only
NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS
1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (b) 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (b) 9 (d) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (b) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (a) 16 (c) 17 (b) 18 (2) 19 (4) 20 (1)
21 (3) 22 (4) 23 (1) 24 (2) 25 (4) 26 (1) 27 (4) 28 (2) 29 (1) 30 (4) 31 (2)
NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-EXPLANATIONS
1. (b) Secondary tissues are generated from the growth of a cambium. Vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem to the inside, and to secondary phloem to the outside.
2. (c) Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited in the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis. Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin.
3. (a) Grasses are monocots and monocots usually do not have secondary growth. Palm like monocots have anomalous secondary growth.
4. (a) Grass being a monocot, has dumb-bell shaped stomata in their leaves.
5. (b) Heartwood is inactive physiologically due to deposition of organic compounds and formation of tyloses, so it will not conduct water and minerals.
6. (b) During secondary growth in plants, vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem. Phelloderm is formed by cork cambium. Periderm is the corky outer layer formed in secondary thickening.
7. (b) Cellulose microfibrils are arranged radially rather than longitudinally which makes it easy for the stomata to open.
8. (b) Cork cambium undergoes periclinal division and cuts off thick walled suberised dead cells towards outside
i.e., phellem (cork) and it cuts off thin walled living cells
i.e., phelloderm on inner side.
9. (d) In roots, the root hairs develop from the zone of maturation. This zone is differentiated zone thus, bearing root hairs.
10. (b) Specialised epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells are known as subsidiary or accessory
cell.
11. (a) Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered closed due to absence of cambium.
12. (b) Monocot root shows radial and closed vascular bundle (xylem & phloem).
13. (b) The correct sequence from outerside to inner side in a woody dicot stem is as follows:
Phellem – Secondary cortex – Secondary phloem- Wood
14. (a) In a ring girdled plant, roots die first due to damage of phloem causing inhibition of translocation of food.
15. (a) A solid style has transmission tissue which has large intercellular spaces. It allows growth of pollen tube in pistil.
16. (c) Anatomically fairly old dicotyledonous root is distinguished from the dicotyledonous stem by position of protoxylem. In dicot roots, the protoxylem is located near the periphery of the vascular cylinder while in dicot stem, the protoxylem is located near the centre of vascular bundle i.e., the xylem is endarch.
17. (b) The walls of vessels (tracheary elements) are lignified and less thicker than tracheids. The lumen is wider. Vessels differ from tracheids in having cell fusions arising through the dissolution of end walls.
24. All anatomical features related to monocotyledonous stem
25. Sapwood is the outermost secondary xylem and is lighter in colour
26 Lenticels are meant for exchange of gases.
Phellogen is also known as cork cambium.
Phelloderm is also called secondary cortex because it is the cortex that develops during secondary growth. Cork has deposition of suberin in their cell walls when they get mature.
27. ii-iv-i-iv
28. • When the cells of medullary rays differentiated, they give rise to the new cambium called
interfascicular cambium.
• Loose parenchyma cells rupturing the epidermis and forming a lens-shaped opening in bark are called complementary cells.
• Large colourless empty cells in the epidermis of grass leaves are called bulliform cells.
• In dicot leave, vascular bundles are surrounded by large thick walled cells called bundle sheath cells.
29: a & b are correct
deposition of suberin and aromatic substances in the inner layer of stem
deposition of tannins, gum, resin and aromatic substances in the central layers of stem
secondary xylem does not have presence of parenchyma cells, functionally active xylem elements
30. all are correct
31. ‘b’ is false. The spring wood is lighter in colour and has a lower density whereas the autumn wood is darker and has a higher density