Internal Combustion Engine
I.C.Engine is an elective subject of B.Tech ME-III Yr. VIth Sem. Subject. It
also important subject for technical competitive exams such as GATE, IES, IAS UPPSC (AE/JE) and other PSUs such as CIL, SAIL etc.
I.C.Engine is also important for SSC (JE), UPPSC (JE/AE)
Heat engine:
A heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy
and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. It is classified into two types-
(a) External combustion engine
(b) Internal combustion engine
(a) External combustion engine:
In this engine, the products of combustion of air and fuel transfer heat to a second fluid which
is the working fluid of the cycle.
Examples:
*In the steam engine or a steam turbine plant, the heat of combustion is employed to generate
steam which is used in a piston engine (reciprocating type engine) or a turbine (rotary type
engine) for useful work.
*In a closed cycle gas turbine, the heat of combustion in an external furnace is transferred to
gas, usually air which the working fluid of the cycle.
(b) Internal combustion engine:
In this engine, the combustion of air and fuels take place inside the cylinder and are used as
the direct motive force. It can be classified into the following types:
- According to the basic engine design- (a) Reciprocating engine (Use of cylinder piston
arrangement), (b) Rotary engine (Use of turbine) - According to the type of fuel used- (a) Petrol engine, (b) diesel engine, (c) gas engine
(CNG, LPG), (d) Alcohol engine (ethanol, methanol etc) - According to the number of strokes per cycle- (a) Four stroke and (b) Two stroke engine
- According to the method of igniting the fuel- (a) Spark ignition engine, (b) compression
ignition engine and (c) hot spot ignition engine - According to the working cycle- (a) Otto cycle (constant volume cycle) engine, (b) diesel