Fluid mechanics Syllabus

FLUID MECHANICS AND FLUID MACHINES

Objectives:

 To learn about the application of mass and momentum conservation laws for fluid flows. To understand the importance of dimensional analysis. To obtain the velocity and pressure variations in various types of simple flows. To analyze the flow in water pumps and turbines.

UNIT-I

Definition of fluid, Newton’s law of viscosity, Units and dimensions-Properties of fluids,mass density,

specific volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility and surfacetension, Incompressible flow,

Bernoulli’s equation and its applications – Pitot tube, orifice meter, venturi meter and bend meter,

notches and weirs, momentum equation and its application to pipe bends.

UNIT-II

Continuum & free molecular flows. Steady and unsteady, uniform and non-uniform, laminar and

turbulent flows, rotational and irrotational flows, compressible and incompressible flows, subsonic,

sonic and supersonic flows, sub-critical, critical and supercritical flows, one, two- and threedimensional flows, streamlines, continuity equation for 3D and 1D flows, circulation, stream function

and velocity potential. Buckingham’s Pi theorem, important dimensionless numbers and their

significance.

UNIT-III

Equation of motion for laminar flow through pipes, turbulent flow, isotropic, homogenous turbulence,

scale and intensity of turbulence, measurement of turbulence, eddy viscosity, resistance to flow, minor

losses, pipe in series and parallel, power transmission through a pipe, siphon, water hammer, three

reservoir problems and pipe networks.

Boundary layer thickness, boundary layer over a flat plate, laminar boundary layer, application of

momentum equation, turbulent boundary layer, laminar sublayer, separation and its control, Drag and

lift, drag on a sphere, a two-dimensional cylinder, and an aerofoil, Magnus effect.

UNIT-IV

Introduction to hydrodynamic thrust of jet on a fixed and moving surface,

Classification of turbines,

Impulse turbines, Constructional details, Velocity triangles, Power and efficiency calculations,

Governing of Pelton wheel.

Francis and Kaplan turbines, Constructional details, Velocity triangles, Power and efficiency

Principles of similarity, Unit and specific speed, Performance characteristics, Selection of water

turbines.

UNIT-V

Classifications of centrifugal pumps, Vector diagram, Work done by impellor, Efficiencies of

centrifugal pumps, Specific speed, Cavitation & separation, Performance characteristics.

Reciprocating pump theory, Slip, Indicator diagram, Effect of acceleration, air vessels, Comparison of

centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, Performance characteristics.

Course Outcomes:

 Upon completion of this course, students will be able to mathematically analyze simple flow situations.  They will be able to evaluate the performance of pumps and turbines.

Books and References:

1. Introduction to fluid mechanics and Fluid machines by S.K Som, Gautam Biswas, S Chakraborty.

2. Fluid mechanics and machines by R.K Bansal.

3. F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

4. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications byV.K.Gupta et.al.

5. Fluid Mechanics byYunusCengel.

6. Batchelor, G. K. (1999). Introduction to fluid dynamics. New Delhi, India: Cambridge University Press.

7. Acheson, D. J. (1990). Elementary fluid dynamics. New York, USA: Oxford UniversityPress.

8. R.W. Fox, A.T. McDonald and P.J. Pritchard, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 6th Ed., John Wiley,

2004.