NCERT SOLUTIONS
1. Which community was rich and powerful in Belgium?
A. German speaking
B. French speaking
C. Dutch speaking
D. None of the above
2. USA is an example of which type of Federation’?
3. This war was the first modern industrial war. It saw the use of machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons, etc. on a massive scale. These were all increasingly products of modern large scale industry. To fight the war, millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world and moved to the front lines on large ships and trains. Analyse the above given information, considering one of the following correct option.
A. It is talking about the Industrial War
B. It is talking about the First World War
C. It is talking about the Cold War
D. It is talking about the Second World War
4. Which of these countries has no official state religion?
a. Sri Lanka
b. Pakistan
c. England
d. All of these
ANS: c. England
5. Who was Frederic Sorrieu?
(i) A French Philosopher
(ii) A French Artist
(iii) A French Politician
(iv) A French Revolutionary
ANS: (ii) A French Artist
6. The first clear expression of nationalism came with:
(i)The American Revolution
(ii) The French Revolution
(iii) The Russian Revolution
(iv) The Industrial Revolution
ANS: (ii) The French Revolution
6. Napoleon code usually known as:
(i)The Civil Code of 1805
(ii) The Civil Code of 1806
(iii) The Civil Code of 1804
(iv) The Napoleonic Code of 1807
ANS: (iii) The Civil Code of 1804
7. What does La patrie mean?
(i) The citizen
(ii) The motherland
(iii) The fatherland
(iv) The country
ANS: (iii) The fatherland
8. Elle, the measuring unit in Germany was used to measure:
(i) Cloth
(ii) Paper
(iii) Land
(iv) Wood
ANS: (i) Cloth
9. Who were the Junkers?
(i) Soldiers
(ii) Large landowners
(iii) Aristocracy
(iv) Nobility
ANS: (ii) Large landowners
10. What were supply during the First World War from Indian factories?
a. Jute bags and cloth for army uniforms
b. Tents and leather boots
c. Horse and mule saddles
d. All of these
ANS: d. All of these
STUDY
Medieval World
There was transformation of European Society after the downfall of the Roman Empire, and the birth of a new religion called Islam which led to the founding of a vast empire that originated in West Asia and spread out over a large part of the world. The Medieval Period is also called the Middle Age. The period which succeeded the ancient period and come before the Modern Period
Feudalism: Political, Military and Socio-Economic Aspects
- Feudalism was a
hierarchical or graded organization of political sovereignty; its structure
stood like a ladder. - At the top stood the king;
below him stood the big lords known as Dukes and Earls. - Below these lords were a
number of lesser lords known as the Barons. Below these were the knights, who
were perhaps the lowest lords - Vassal: a person owing
homage or fidelity to a superior lower lord is vassal to the upper lord. Also a
person granted use of lands. - The vassal would take a vow
to serve the lord all his life mainly including military services - The entire landed estate
over which a feudal lord had control was known as the manor. The manor was a
self-sufficient economic unit. This means that almost all articles of everyday
use were produced and consumed on it.
With the decline of feudalism, the restrictions on peasants become a thing of the past simultaneously, the period witnessed the rise of powerful merchant class, which financed discoveries of new lands. These, with other factors, brought about the Industrial revolution which led a sea change throughout the world. This was the begining of the Modern Age.
Renaissance
- Renaissance is the
awakening that encouraged thinking and reasoning in social and political fields
and affected every aspect of life. - Discovery of trade routes,
brought goods that enriched the lives of Europeans. - New ideas were generated in
this period like humanism, rationalism and the spirit of inquiry.
Reformation
- The Medieval Catholic
Church came to be associated with superstitions and greed for money. - It was in 1517 AD that in
the West the Christian world was divided into two sects, the Protestants and
the Roman Catholics.
Development of Science
- Renaissance scientists
paved the way for observation and experimentation in all fields of knowledge. - One of the most remarkable
achievements of the Renaissance period in science was in the field of
astronomy.
Discovery of New Lands
- The new Trade routes that
were discovered changed the history of the world. - Direct sea routes to South
Asia and South East Asia were discovered. - Vasco da Gama discovered
the sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope and Columbus who had set out for
India reached America both being discoveries for Europeans. - The tremendous increase in
trade and colonisation had a great impact on the enhancement of European
Wealth.
Industrial Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution
began in England from about 1750 AD. - The new developments like
the coming in of new machineries to improve production led to unequal classes –
the rich and the poor
Age of Revolutions
- There was a very strong
dissatisfaction with political leadership and people started demanding more
participation in the affairs of the State
The Glorius Revolution
- The Glorious Revolution of
1688 occurred in England much before the Age of Revolutions and became a source
of inspiration for the world. It was called the Glorious Revolution because no
blood was shed to achieve its success
American War of Independence
- In 1765, the British
Parliament passed the Stamp Act. - On 16th December,1773 some
Americans disguised as Native Indians descended upon the three ships of East
India Company and dumped the tea, being carried in them, into the sea. This
came to be called the Boston Tea Party. - This led to fights and
finally to the ‘Declaration of Independence ‘on July 1776 at a Congress at
Philadelphia.
French Revolution
- In the 18th century, the
French society was divided into three classes or estates. - The first Estate was that
of clergy or priests working in the Church. - The second Estate of
Nobility enjoyed all the luxuries and many privileges related to religion and
the governance of the country. - The Third Estate of
Commoners such as peasantry, city workers and the middle class were heavily
burdened with taxes. - The Third Estate demanded
equality in taxation and abolition of special privileges enjoyed by the first
two estates. It declared itself a National Assembly and took over the sovereign
power from the Emperor. - As a result, France
witnessed a complete change in the government, administration, military,
society and culture.
Unification of Italy
- In the 18th Century, Italy
was a collection of small States, each having its own monarch and traditions. - After France became a
republic, secret clubs favouring an Italian Republic were formed throughout
Italy.
Unification of Germany
- After Napoleon’s defeat in
1815, many Germans wanted an independent Germany. Germany was a confederation
of 39 small states, led by Austria and Prussia. - The King of Prussia, Kaiser
William I, chose Bismarck as Prime Minister to unify Germany under the rule of
Prussia, excluding Austria and France completely.
Socialist Movement and the Russian Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution had led to an unequal society. The industrial workers were poverty – striken and lived in very bad conditions. In contrast, the industrialist were rich and lived in luxury.
- The workers got united and the idea of Socialism, which tries to establish equal society, began to take roots.
- The first country where the idea of socialism took deep roots was Russia leading to the Russian Revolution. This resulted in the establishment of the first socialist government of the world.
ANSWERS WORKSHEETS
WORKSHEET-01 WH100101
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5.B 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C